How to Detect and Diagnose Prostate Cancer Early
When you should start screening, what the tests actually involve, and how often to go back. A plain-language guide to early detection.
In recent years there has been a much higher cancer survival rate, and this goes for prostate cancer too. This is in large part due to earlier diagnosis and detection. Detecting prostate cancer early can have a very significant impact, increasing the chances of a successful recovery.
One of the most important factors in achieving early detection is frequent screening. The goal of screening for cancer means looking for cancer before it causes symptoms. In the context of prostate cancer screening, this means finding cancers that may be at high risk of spreading if they go untreated. Finding them early, before they spread, is crucial.
When should you go for a prostate cancer screening?
Before going for a screening, it is always best to make an informed decision. Speak to your healthcare provider about prostate cancer screenings. Although it is generally a safe process, it does carry a few uncertainties and risks. The results are predominantly beneficial, however.
If you are 50 or older, it is a good idea to start going for screenings. At this age, with a life expectancy of at least another 10 years, most men are at average risk of developing prostate cancer. It is a good time to get in the habit of regular screening.
Men at high risk aged 45 or older, or at even higher risk aged 40 or older, are strongly recommended to get screened. You are considered at high risk if you have a first-degree relative who was diagnosed with prostate cancer younger than 65. The risk is higher still if there is more than one first-degree relative diagnosed with prostate cancer.
The process of detecting prostate cancer
There are two common tests doctors perform to screen for prostate cancer.
Prostate Specific Antigen test (PSA). This is a blood test that measures the level of PSA in the blood. The prostate is responsible for making PSA, and this substance tends to be higher in men who have prostate cancer. It is not exclusive to cancer, however, since it can also become elevated due to other prostate conditions and other factors.
Digital Rectal Examination (DRE). This test involves a doctor using a gloved and lubricated finger to examine the prostate, inserted into the rectum to feel for any abnormalities.
How often do doctors recommend screening?
This depends a lot on the results of a given screening. If a screening result indicates no cancer is present, the interval usually follows the PSA level in the blood.
When a PSA test result is under 2.5 ng/mL, retesting every two years or so may be sufficient. If the result is 2.5 ng/mL or higher, annual testing is recommended.
If you find you are having trouble urinating, or you find yourself needing to urinate more often than usual, do not hesitate to contact a medical professional. These can be early signs of prostate cancer.
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